Essay about The Nullification Crisis - 1585 Words

February 22, 2013 The Nullification Crisis The Nullification Crisis was a revolt by the citizens against Andrew Jackson and the Union, whereby they sought liberty and the state of being free, including various social, political, and economic privileges. This attempt to revolt against Jackson failed, and their seceding from the country was not granted. In these efforts to secede, they sought liberty and worked together as a state to gain what they believed to be free and include various privileges they rightfully have. The Nullification Crisis displayed the attempt of the citizen’s to achieve the securing of the blessings of liberty, yet the citizen’s attempt failed. In 1819, Andrew Jackson was elected as President of the United States.†¦show more content†¦He pleaded Henry Clay, an old friend, to draft a solution with him. Clay developed a compromise proposal, which lowered the high tariffs by ten percent over eight years. The Compromise Tariff of 1833 barely passed through Congress, but it significantly changed the tariff. These new rates were not nearly as low as the Southerners had hoped they would be, but it was a better compromise than the Force Bill had offered. South Carolina’s legislature voted to recede their efforts to nullify the tariff acts, but they did attempt to nullify the Force Bill. Even though their nullification of the Force Bill was insignificant, it allowed South Carolina to feel slightly victorious. Therefore, it is apparent that it is the citiz en’s job to secure the blessings of liberty. The citizen’s began to take action to secure their blessings of liberty prior to the Nullification Crisis, when they attempted to pass the Tariff of 1828 through Congress in hopes to aid Jackson’s re-election. Due to Jackson’s popularity, he was re-elected even without the help of the tariff. Yet the tariff was passed in 1828, and the citizen’s made a firm effort to nullify the tariff as soon as it was enacted. They believed they had the right to nullify the tariff, which sought their own privileges in liberty. The citizens further pushed for the nullification by trying to pass this though South Carolina’s legislature, but another group of citizens seeking to secure theirShow MoreRelatedThe Nullifying Crisis : The Causes Of The Nullification Crisis1552 Words   |  7 Pages The Nullification Crisis of 1832 is one of the crises that would eventually lead to the Civil War. Following the suffering o f an economic downturn throughout the 1820s, the United States government passed several new tariffs. When the Tariff of 1828 was passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828, it sparked the debate over states’ rights and highlighted the growing sectional difference between the South and the North in America. That Tariff of 1828 raised taxes on imported manufacturedRead MoreThe Nullification Crisis and Its Effects on the United States639 Words   |  3 Pages The Nullification Crisis, which transpired under Andrew Jackson’s administration created a controversy not only during its time, but also in the years to follow and ultimately was one of the many causes of the Civil War years later. The Nullification crisis soon developed in the early 1830’s when the state of South Carolina began to have issues with the protective tariff (which was designed to protect the industry in the northern United States by taxing imports). At this point in history,Read MoreJackson vs. Calhoun and the Nullification Crisis1420 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Nullification Crisis. Nullification is the refusal of a state to recognize a federal law within its boundaries and deem that law unconstitutional. In this case, South Carolina, led by John C. Calhoun, refused to recognize the protective tarif fs in 1828, and 1832, saying that they benefited the North and injured the South. At this point in time, the American system of government was fairly new and the struggle between state and federal power was in full swing. Towards the end of the crisis, CalhounRead MoreWhat Really Caused The Nullification Crisis Of The South Carolina Economy1238 Words   |  5 Pagesbelieved that if he developed the Theory of Nullification people in his home state would view him differently. The Theory of Nullification is the idea that states (unions) have the rights to void any law that is created by the government that is seen unconstitutional. States are the foundation of the Union, so they have the power to refuse any unconstitutional laws, and really states usually have the final say. What really caused the Nullification Crisis were many series of Protective Tariffs. ProtectiveRead MoreWhat Really Caused The Nullification Crisis Of The South Carolina Economy990 Words   |  4 Pagesbelieved th at if he developed the Theory of Nullification people in his home state would view him differently. The Theory of Nullification is the idea that states (unions) have the rights to void any law that is created by the government that is seen unconstitutional. States are the foundation of the Union, so they have the power to refuse any unconstitutional laws, and really states usually have the final say. What really caused the Nullification Crisis were many series of Protective Tariffs. ProtectiveRead MoreEssay on state nullification1569 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of a State’s Right to Nullification nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Impact of a State’s Right to Nullification nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The impact of a state’s right to nullification can ultimately cause a great deal of damage to the country that it resides in. To describe the impacts one would need to take a look back into history when the Nullification Crisis took place. South CarolinaRead MoreThe Tariff Laws782 Words   |  3 Pagesincluding Calhoun, the vice president and a politician from South Carolina. Later he wrote a nullification doctrine to express his opinions on the tariff. The nullification crisis greatly affected the growth of states’ rights over federal power. Because of the nullification crisis in South Carolina there were even thoughts of secession in the early 1830’s. â€Å"The Nullification Crisis was a sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson that arose when the state of South Carolina attemptedRead MoreThe Era Of The Middle Class882 Words   |  4 Pagesthe people and not wealthy elites. He felt it was better for the country on bring in new fresh faces. Giving out political jobs as rewards became known as the â€Å"spoils system.† Another political reform on the table Jackson had to fix was the Nullification crisis. Jacksonian supporter’s main goal was to ruin John Quincy Adams presidency. They were still angered at his victory over Andrew Jackson in the 1828 election. The plan was to push a bill through Congress that would impose taxes on solely manufacturedRead More Andrew Jackson : True American Essay1579 Words   |  7 Pagesprides itself upon today. His Presidency was plagued with controversy, but President Jackson used his power as President to unite a sometimes-divided nation and establish a precedent of power for future American leaders. States rights, the nullification crisis, the spoils system, Indian removal and banking policies were all controversies which brought forth strong rivalry and resentment throughout his years as president, but Jackson’s strong will and assertiveness got our country through these timesRead MoreThe Era Of The Common Man1011 Words   |  5 Pagessomething Ja ckson liked to approve of nor let happen at all. The Nullification Crisis with John C. Calhoun shows how opposed Jackson is to reforms. In 1828, Calhoun created the nullification doctrine that held the idea that states should have the rights to nullify unconstitutional laws. Calhoun wanted to use the doctrine to nullify the 1816 tariffs that he believed stagnated the South Carolina economy. In 1832, the nullification became a crisis when South Carolinians protested over a congressional bill

The Adopted Codes of Conduct for Psychological Research Essay

The Adopted Codes of Conduct for Psychological Research There is a belief among psychologists that by carrying out an experiment we should be lead to understand ourselves better and to the enhancement of the human condition and promotion of human welfare. This can only be completed if the experiment is ethically right to all parties involved. Ethics in an experimental situation deals with the idea of morality, what would be considered morally right behaviour in sight of a†¦show more content†¦Confidentiality should be up held by researchers for their subjects at all times due to legislation requirements, if any data is published this should not be identifiable unless agree previously. When carrying out observation research psycholog ists must also follow the code of conduct by respecting the privacy of psychological well being of the individuals studied. Finally BPS guidelines require researchers to give full protection to their participants that they should not experience any physical or mental harm greater than what is experienced in everyday life. In order to keep to the last requirement giving full protection psychologists follow the code of not experimenting on minors which include any children under the age of 16. As the law of the BPS has only just been passed in 1985 there have been many previous studies carried out by psychologist which have made many break troughs in human behaviour, although there have also been some ethical problems toward subjects as the BPS laws had not been followed. One psychologist named Zimbardo carried put an experiment where the right to with drawl seemed almost impossible to subjects. There mental state had been confused they had really taken on the roles of prisoner and guard and so did not want to leave, also they could not cope outside the prison it took over their lives. In this experiment there was no informedShow MoreRelatedEvaluation For Medical Treatment For Transgender People836 Words   |  4 Pagespsychotherapy, not many therapists are finding themselves in the role of assessor for medically necessary gender realignment procedures (Budge, 2015). There is a guideline for medical treatment for transgender population and that the document has been wi dely adopted by major medical insurance companies in the United States (e.g., Atena, BlueCrossBrueShield, Cigna, and UnitedHealthcare) if such procedures are covered in the individual plan. Due to more transgender people seeking psychotherapy, it is importantRead MoreEthical Consideration For Human Subjects1047 Words   |  5 Pagesinto place to ensure researchers were conducting experiments safety, ethically, and fairly. Out of all the experiments that took place within this time frame, a few stand out. These cases were groundbreaking for ethical treatment within the scope of research done on human subjects. The turning point for ethical consideration for human subjects came in 1947. After the horrific medical experiments doctors did to prisoners in Concentration Camps in World War II, ethical guidelines were put into place toRead MorePsychology in Mass Media Audience2469 Words   |  10 Pages(Koocher, 1993). The difference between fact and speculation often becomes unclear. What do psychologists say is an opinion often given attribute as a consensus in these disciplines. Broad learning to the audience about the concept of psychology, research findings and sources of mental health, if done well, it will get the benefits to society as the profession. In the United States, there has been a long tradition of psychologists appearing in the media in a variety of guises—pundits offering insightRead MoreThe Stanford Prison Experiment And Its Effects On Social Psychology1003 Words   |  5 Pagesconformity. His experiment on prison life showed how fast a person could dissolve their own identity to fit into the social roles that are expected of them. The results and outcomes of this experiment are still important in modern day psychology. To conduct the Stanford Prison Experiment, the psychologist constructed a mock prison facility in the basement of Stanford University. The mock correctional facility included three six by nine prison cells, which each held three prisoners and three cots. TheRead MoreThe Tuskegee Study Essay1236 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Milgram study on obedience and the Zimbardo Prison Experiment. Using one of these four studies as an example, explain how the study violated (or not) each of the three basic principles of research ethics: beneficence, justice and respect for persons, using materials from your CITI training, the ASA Code of Ethics and the Belmont Report. Before you use each concept, find the definition of the concept and quote and cite the definition adding clarification and/or explanation in your own words ifRead MoreEffectiveness Of Psychiatric Programs For Children Essay1325 Words   |  6 Pagescrisis will be investigated. It is hypothesized that psychiatric intervention program s are effective in reducing stress reactions in children in crisis but an holistic approached must be adopted to obtain better results. The following four literature reviews attempt to validate and support this hypothesis. In a research article by Ager, Stark, Akesson Boothby (2010), the authors attempted to identify best practices used by practitioners in the care and protection of children in crisis. The determinationRead MoreThe Impact Of Employee Motivation And Performance During Mergers And Acquisitions1437 Words   |  6 PagesThis research will be carried out by examining the situation in a detached manner. This is not an easy task. Values as well as personal views could definitely influence the hypothesis. The nature of the research question could create hidden bias is in terms of preferences or believes which could skew the results, often unconsciously, to the intended result. From the design of the question, development of the sampling strategy and prioritizing of the correlations within the results data set couldRead More5 Mhr Essay1296 Words   |  6 Pagesnat amp; intl changes, Managing change amp; managing HR in tough timesSp with appropriate refs. 1/3 to  ½ describing. Remainder ana lytical/academic | 2. Briefly describe the major features you would expect to find in an HR function which has adopted the Ulrich Model as the basis for its structure. Explain the thinking behind this approach to the organisation of an HR function. In what types of organisation do you think it works best and why? | AC 2.1, 2.2 | Candidates will demonstrate understandingRead MoreJust War Theory2093 Words   |  8 PagesTaslaman and F. Taslaman). The United Nations adopted the concept of Just War, and centered it in the United Nations Charter in 1945 (Moore, 2012). The term Jus ad bellum is a normative principle that stems from the Just War Theory. The idea is that it â€Å"permits force against aggression† (Moore, 2012). Jus ad bellum is an important concept in the Just War Theory because it is a proscription against aggression. The Nuremberg Code The Nuremberg code was developed as a result of the appallingRead MorePros And Cons Of Cyberbullying1180 Words   |  5 PagesServices, 2017). While many states have now adopted laws to deal with this issue, those who oppose cyberbullying laws believe that bullies should be punished for the crimes where they intended to inflict harm such as crossing the line in regards to freedom of speech, invasion of privacy, or harassment. Although research has shown that while cyberbullying can lead to suicide, critics argue that suicide is too unpredictable an outcome and that the research has not proven that cyberbullying was the direct

Colgate Segmentation free essay sample

Concept of Working Capital Working capital refers to short-term funds, need to meet operating expenses. It refers to the funds; to finance its day-to-day operations. It is concerned with current assets and current liabilities. If a firm can’t maintain a satisfactory level of working capital, it may become insolvent or bankrupt. Broadly there are 2 concepts of working capital, such as: 1. Gross Working Capital (Quantitative Concept) 2. Net working Capital (Qualitative Concept) Both these concepts of working capital have operational significance. The two concepts are not mutually exclusive. The ‘gross concept’ emphasizing the ‘use’ and the ‘net concept’ emphasizes the ‘source’. 1. Gross Working Capital The total current assets are termed as the gross working capital. It is also known as quantitative or circulating capital. It refers to firm’s investment in short term assets such as cash, marketable securities, accounts receivables, prepaid expenses, inventories etc. Significance a. Optimum investment in current assets. We will write a custom essay sample on Colgate Segmentation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page -: Inadequate working capital leads to insolvency and excessive will lead to less profitability. Financing of current assets. -: If funds arise it should be invested in short term securities, don’t keep it idle. 2. Net Working Capital The excess of current assets over current liabilities represents net working capital. It may be positive or negative. Net working capital indicates the liquidity of the business. Significance a. Maintaining Liquidity Position-: Current assets help in meeting financial obligations. Generally for every one rupee of current asset there should be one rupee of current liability. b. Extent of long term capital n financing current assets-: If there are Rs 100000 current assets and Rs 75000 current liabilities then NWC is Rs 25000, and it supposed to be financed from long term funds. Efficient management of working capital involves control over the current assets and current liabilities, which are the main components of working capital. 1. Components of current assets: Currents assets are those, can be converted into cash within a year. It consists of cash, marketable securities, inventories, debtors, prepaid expenses. 2. Components of current Liabilities: Current liabilities are those to be paid in a year. It consists of creditors, short-term borrowings, taxes and proposed dividends.   To ensure optimum investment in current assets. †¢ To ensure adequate flow of funds for current operations. †¢ To speed up the flow of funds. †¢ Maintain liquidity and profitability. Maximize shareholders’ wealth possible only when there is sufficient return. †¢ Discharge day-to-day liabilities. †¢ Protect the business from adverse effects in emergencies. †¢ Determines the relevant levels of current assets and their efficient use. To sustain sales activity. Sales don’t convert into cash immediately. It needs time to collection of cash. For maximization profits or minimize working capital cost and maintain balance between liquidity and profitability, we need to maintain a balance in working capital. It should not be excessive or inadequate. Firm should manage adequate working capital to run its business †¢ Excessive working capital means idle funds which earns no profit. †¢ Inadequate working capital disturbs production and weakens the firm’s profitability. Danger of Excessive Working Capital †¢ It results in unnecessary accumulation of inventories, which lead to mishandling like waste, theft and losses. †¢ It is indication of defective credit policy and slack collection period. This leads to higher bad debts that reduce profits. †¢ It makes managerial inefficiency. †¢ Accumulation inventories tend to make speculative profits grow. This type of speculation makes the firm to follow liberal dividend policy and difficult to cope up with in future when the firm is unable to make speculative profits. Danger of Inadequate Working Capital: It declines growth because it’s difficult to undertake profitable projects for non-availability of working capital. †¢ Difficult to implement operating plans and achieve firm’s target. †¢ Difficult to meet day-to-day commitments. †¢ Inefficient utilization of fixed assets. †¢ The firm unable to avail attractive credit opportunities. †¢ Firm loses its reputation. The continuing flow from cash: to suppliers: to inventory: to accounts receivables and back into cash is operating cycle. 1. Operating cycle for manufacturing firm: ` Stock of raw material is held in order to ensure smooth production. Similarly stock of finished goods has to be carried out to meet the demand. 2. Operating Cycle of a Non-manufacturing Firm Non-manufacturing firms are wholesalers, retailers, service firms. They will have the direct conversion of cash into finished goods and into cash.

Self-Reflection Exercise †Many Me’s Essay Example

Self-Reflection Exercise – Many Me’s Essay Self-Reflection Exercise – Many Me’s Questionnaire Words or phrases I use to describe my physical self 1. I am 5’4† with blue eyes and a bright smile We will write a custom essay sample on Self-Reflection Exercise – Many Me’s specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Self-Reflection Exercise – Many Me’s specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Self-Reflection Exercise – Many Me’s specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 2. I am petite____________________________________ 3. I am graceful________________________________________ 4. I am athletic___________________________________________ 5. I am beautiful__________________________________________ Words or phrases I use to describe my personality 6. I am loyal__________________________________ 7. I am cautious____________________________ 8. I am impatient____________________________________ 9. I am adventurous and out-going_______________________________ 10. I am contemplative________________________________________ Words or phrases I use to describe my social self (me interacting with others) 11. I am friendly 12. I am empathetic 13. I am caring 14. I am funny 15. I am kind Words or phrases I use to describe my character traits 16. I am a people person 17. I am ambitious and broad-minded 18. I am mature 19. I am motivated 20. I am reliable Words or phrases I use to describe my skills and abilities 21. I am gifted 22. I am creative 23. I am intelligent 24. I am resourceful 25. I am goal-oriented Part 2: a. Which of these identities is the most fundamental to your sense of self? My personality traits are most fundamental to my sense of self. I believe that my success in all other areas of my life will be determined by my personality. It is important for me to develop a personality that is in line with my goals and future aspirations. My personality also determines my character; for instance, if I were lazy I would not be ambitious and broad-minded. My personality is the most fundamental to my sense of self because it is what makes me unique and different from other people. b. To which of these identities are you most strongly committed and why? In life, one should endeavor to develop each aspect of his/her identity. However, one should take the time to analyze which aspect of their identity is most crucial to them at the present and in future. Currently, I am most strongly committed to developing my skills and abilities because I believe that they will determine my life. This is because the things I hold most important in my life currently are progress and success, and in order to achieve this, I will need to be strongly committed to sharpening my skills and abilities. c. How were or are other people important to developing your most important self-concepts? Other people play an important role in helping me develop my most important self-concepts because they provide guidance and advice on whether I am on the right track, this is especially true with my skills and abilities. I have developed useful skills and abilities through the guidance of my mentors, teachers, colleagues and role models. I believe that one cannot learn on their own. In order to develop in any field, one needs to interact with other like-minded people. In order to get advise and constructive criticism. Friends and family have played a key role in the development of my personality-traits. My upbringing and socialization have contributed to both my positive and negative personality traits. Although I believe that one should not blame something that they may not like about themselves on other people, because they have the power to make changes. d. How have your images of self changed over the last five years? Over the last five years, there have been significant changes in my life, which in turn have altered my image of self. In the last five years, I have moved out of home, gone to university where I was prepared both mentally and socially to become a mature and independent person. Through the people I have met and the experiences I have had over this period, I have become self-confident because I know that I am able to cope with life’s challenges and triumphs. Therefore, my image of self has improved significantly over the last five years, because I am confident in my competence. e. Have you ever had your self-concepts challenged? I have had my self-concepts challenged a few times, especially where I have put in a lot of effort towards the accomplishment of a certain goal and have failed to achieve it. In such a situation, I may sometimes feel that my skills and abilities are not up-to-par. My external environment sometimes challenges my concept of my physical self, especially where media lauds certain physical attributes over others; for instance, taller women may be considered more beautiful or graceful than shorter women.

Timeline of the Viking Age

Timeline of the Viking Age This Viking timeline is a part of the About.com Guide to the Viking Age. 793: Norwegians attack Lindisfarne monastery, England795: Norwegians run assaults on monasteries in Scotland and Ireland799: St. Philibert Monastery (France) sacked800: Norwegians settle Faroe Islands810: Danes under King Godfred attack Frisia 814: Charlemagne dies834: Danes attack Dorestad, now in the Netherlands841: Norwegians over winter in Ireland850: Longphorts established in Ireland 850: Danes spend first winter in England852: Danes spend first winter in Frankia853: Norwegian Olaf the White established as king at Dublin865: Danish Great Army arrives in East Anglia866: Norwegian Harald Finehair subjugates Scottish Isles870: Danes rule over one half of England880s: Norwegian Sigurd the Mighty moves into the Scottish mainland873: Ingolf Arnason founds Reykjavik, Iceland 902: Vikings expelled from Ireland917: Vikings retake Dublin930-980: First Norse invaders in England become established as settlers954: Eirik Bloodaxe dies and Vikings lose control of York959: Danelaw established98 0-1050: Newly established Norwegian and Danish kings launch attacks on England 985: Norse farmers led by Erik the Red settle Greenland 1000: Leif Erikson finds North America 1014: Vikings defeated at Clontarf by Brian Boru1016: Danish King Cnut named king of England, Denmark and Norway1035: Cnut dies1066: Norman Harald Hardrada dies at Stamford Bridge This glossary entry is a part of the About.com Guide to the Viking Age and part of the Dictionary of Archaeology. See the Viking Age Bibliography for sources.

Summary of The Merchant of Venice Act 1, Scene 3

Summary of 'The Merchant of Venice' Act 1, Scene 3 Shakespeares  The Merchant of Venice Act 1, Scene 3 opens with Bassanio and Shylock. Shylock confirms that Bassanio wants three thousand ducats for three months. Bassanio tells him that Antonio will guarantee this. Bassanio asks Shylock if he will give him the loan. Shylock asks if Antonio is an honest man. Bassanio takes umbrage at this and asks if he has heard otherwise. Shylock immediately says that he has not but understands that Antonio has a lot of his wealth and goods at sea and therefore he knows he has sufficient means but that they are vulnerable; Yet his means are in supposition. He hath an argosy bound to Tripolis, another to the Indies. I understand moreover upon the Rialto he hath a third at Mexico, a forth for England, and other ventures he hath squandered abroad. But ships are but boards, sailors but men. There be land rats and water rats, water thieves and land thieves- I mean pirates- and then there is the peril of the waters, winds and rocks. The man is, notwithstanding, sufficient.(Act 1 Scene 3) Shylock resolves to take Antonio’s bond but wants to speak to him. Bassanio invites Shylock to dine with them. Shylock says that he will walk with them, talk with them do business with them but will not eat or pray with them. Antonio enters and Bassanio introduces him to Shylock. In an aside, Shylock shows a great disdain for Antonio, especially for lending out his money for free: How like a fawning publican he looks. I hate him for he is a Christian; But more, for in that low simplicity he lends out money gratis, and brings down the rate of usance here with us in Venice.(Act 1 Scene 3, Line 39-43) Shylock tells Bassanio that he doesn’t think he has three thousand ducats to give him straight away. Antonio tells Shylock that he never lends money out in order to gain exorbitant interest and condemns him for doing so; he has publicly derided Shylock for doing so in the past but says he is willing to make an exception in dealing with Shylock in this case. Signor Antonio, many a time and oft in the Rialto you have rated me about my moneys and my usances. Still I have borne it with a patent shrug, For sufferance is the badge of all our tribe. You call me misbeliever, cut throat, dog and spit upon my Jewish gabardine†¦ Well then it now appears you need my help.(Shylock, Act 1 Scene 3, Line 105-113) Shylock defends his business of money lending but Antonio tells him that he will continue to disapprove of his methods. Antonio tells Shylock to lend the money to him as if he is an enemy and as such he can punish him heavily if the money is not paid back. Shylock pretends to forgive Antonio and tells him that he will treat him as a friend and charge no interest on the loan but that if he does forfeit he says, seemingly in jest, that he will demand a pound of his flesh from whatever part of his body pleases him. Antonio is confident that he can easily repay the loan and agrees. Bassanio urges Antonio to rethink and says that he does not want to agree to those conditions. Antonio reassures him. Shylock also reassures Bassanio by saying that he will gain nothing from a pound of human flesh. Bassanio remains suspicious, Antonio believes that Shylock has become kinder and therefore could be becoming more Christian; Hie thee gentle Jew. The Hebrew will turn Christian; he grows kind.(Act 1 Scene 3, Line 176)

Mergers don't always lead to culture clashes Essay

Mergers don't always lead to culture clashes - Essay Example It appears that the cultures appeared to work rather than clash because of Bank of America’s experience in mergers and acquisitions. After Bank of America acquired MBNA, BOA went through and selectively determined which aspects of the corporation they could keep and which they could do away with. While there was a level of employee departures after much of the job perks were eliminated, the company was able to retain much of the talent. Ultimately, it seems BOA’s ability to mesh the two cultures through their experienced approach was the leading force in making the merger work. Culture is important to the success of a merger acquisition. Culture constitutes the backbone of any corporate model and is not simply the indicative of social relations within the company. Even in corporations that are not reliant on a heavy emphasis on independent thought, the nature of culture is reflected in the very structure and work processes that constitute an organization. I believe that oftentimes mergers fail because the structures of these organizational cultures are not just different, but structurally incompatible. While Bank of America and MBNA’s culture was on different spectrums, they were still on a structural level that made it possible for a successful merger. I believe that a component of the smooth transition is attributable to both companies glossing over differences in an effort to make the merger work. Still, I believe that this is not a primary component of the merger’s success. In large part employment options, especially in the post-recession context, are determined by market factors and necessity. This places employees in a situation where ‘extraneous culture elements’ – golf courses, etc. – are amenities, but not essential to operations. It’s more necessary to consider structural components, such as skillsets, and how these elements are aspects of the culture. If these structural components are

4 short questions for 4 movies Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

4 short questions for 4 movies - Movie Review Example When Yuddy met Li Zhen, he said that they were one-minute friends from that moment. Moreover, Yuddy and his women perceive time unequally, whereas â€Å"love-drug wears off† (Dargis) for him quickly, the women remain fixated at those moments that they spent together and cannot let their feelings go. 3. In a coming-of-age movie of 1957, when a new Chinese society formed, searches of Ge Lan for her biological mother and rejection by her might symbolizes giving up the old way of living and transition to the new stage. According to Lee, â€Å"Kailing can be a symbol of the New Chinese Woman only if she doesn’t have a low-class family history to haunt her†. This means that Ge Lan as a daughter of the West-oriented debonair adoptive parents cannot fit in the society, where her real mother lives. 4. Asia the Invincible is a character, who underwent castration to master martial arts. Therefore, the character might intertwine androgyny (actually, even some gender confusion) and great power to show the genderless nature of power. However, in the course of action, one can see Briggite Lin’s character evolve into a female aggressive warrior (Thomas). Depiction of Asia the Invincible as a fierce transgender woman seems to be paralleled to birth of destructive power similar to Kali’s in Hindu

Social setting Essay Example for Free

Social setting Essay Discuss the degree to which Suskind has offered a strong image of the social setting in the novel Perfume and estimate the importance of a sense of social context for the novel as a whole. In the novel Perfume Suskind offers the reader a vivid and comprehensive view of 18th century French society during the pre revolutionary period. While the main focus of the plot involves the development of the protagonist, Grenouille, the characters he encounters enable Suskind to present a satirical view of the Age of Reason by revealing the folly of individuals from different levels of French society. The novel may also be viewed as a fable which foreshadows the coming revolution which will tear apart the social hierarchy. As well as offering a satirical critique of society, the strong image of social setting lends credibility to the fantastical elements of the novel. This is achieved through a variety of narrative techniques, including vivid imagery. Suskind employs imagery to highlight the satirical nature of the work. This can be clearly illustrated in the way Suskind sets the scene at the beginning of Perfume: The peasant stank as did the priest, the apprentice as did his masters wife, the whole of the aristocracy stank, even the king himself stank, stank like a rank lion and the queen like an old goat (Suskind p. 4) The parallel structure juxtaposing peasant with priest; apprentice with masters wife suggests that while the social structure of 18th century France was hierarchical and the fact that everyone stank equally badly was actually a kind of leveler. The reference to the hierarchy leads the reader to consider that this social structure will be torn apart by the French Revolution. While the novel is set some 40 years prior to the revolution, the reader is aware that this society is soon to be subject to a bloody revolution in which the distinctions between the social classes will be shaken to their foundations; this description of the smell is an ironic indication while some felt superior to others in this society, in fact everyone was human: everyone stank. Another example of this technique used to draw attention to the satirical aspect of the novel can be found in the orgy scene which may be viewed as an allegorical foreshadowing of the revolution as chaos ensues when hierarchy and propriety are cast aside and people succumb to their baser emotions: they fell down anywhere with a groan and copulated in the most impossible positions and combinations: grand-father with virgin, odd-jobber with lawyers spouse, apprentice with nun, Jesuit with freemasons wife all topsy-turvy, just as opportunity presented. (Suskind p. 247 Suskind again uses parallel structure to emphasize the juxtaposition of individuals from different social classes and ages which the breakdown in the social hierarchy. The narrator takes the same slightly amused tone as he describes the shocking scene for the reader as though delighting in the impropriety. The narrative voice encourages the reader to take an objective view of the proceedings and reflect that this abandonment to sexual desire is triggered by something which they are not aware: the perfume. Another example of the way Suskind highlights the gullibility of human beings is illustrated through the setting described as Grenouille is pursing the scent of the girl from the rue de Marais : And while from every side came the deafening roar of petards exploring and of firecrackers skipping across the cobble-stones, rockets rose in tote sky and painted white lilies against the black firmament. Thronging the bridge and the quays along both banks of the river, a crowd of many thousands accompanied the spectacle and aahs and oohs and bravos, even some long lives although the King had ascended his throne more than 38 years before and the high point of his popularity was long since behind him. Fireworks can do that. P. 39 Suskind satirizes the way human beings can be manipulated by something as simple as fireworks. The scene is quite ironic as the reader is aware that the people who are cheering for the king will be rejoicing as his son, the next king is executed in 30 years. Suskind suggests the simplicity of people through the vocalizations mentioned aahs and oohs. The use of the simple short sentence at the end of this description amplifies the narrators ironic stance. Suskind offers a satirical portrait of the middle class through the character of Baldini. He represents the kind of person who cannot accept the new ideas emerging during the age of reason. Baldini is an old man who seems to be having trouble adjusting to changes in society. On page 58-59, the internal monologue of Baldini suggests his frustration with the world. What was the need for all these new roads being dug up everywhere, and these new bridges? What purpose did they serve? . This shows that Baldini is confused about the new developments in the world. Baldini also has issues with the new scientific discoveries that have been made. The latest is that little animals never before seen are swimming about in a glass of water and the earth is no longer round like it was, but flat on the top and the bottom like a melon- as if it made a damn bit of difference! . This internal monologue illustrates that Baldini doesnt approve of the changes and the new discoveries that have been recently made. He seems to have trouble accepting that things are changing and old theories have been overturned. The church is also presented satirically. This is achieved in Suskinds characterization of father terrier. Father Terrier claims that he is a man of reason, but is part of the church. The church is not based on reason. Suskind mocks Father Terrier because he wouldnt take logic to its natural conclusion. He is also presented comically when he hitches up his cassock. He is also outsmarted by the wet nurse because when she claims that Grenouille is a devil child he says that it is impossible for him to be the devil because he has not been exposed to the outside world. When he decides to smell Grenouille, he realizes that the wet nurse was right and he doesnt actually have a smell. As soon as he realizes this he gets rid of Grenouille. The presentation of the Marquis creates satirical view of the nobility and emerging interest in science. He is described as an enlightened idiot. He believed the theory of the fluidium letale which is totally absurd.

Deir El Medina Speech. -- essays research papers

Good morning/afternoon class, Deir el-Medina is one of Egypt's archaeological gems. Located in a little valley on the west bank across from Luxor are the well-preserved foundations of a village that was used for about 500 years during the New Kingdom. Its inhabitants included the workmen and artisans who constructed the New Kingdom royal tombs in the nearby Valley of the Kings. The name Deir el-Medina comes from the Arabic meaning "monastery of the town" because of the presence of a Ptolemaic temple nearby which was once used as a Coptic monastery. I have chosen to speak to you about the architecture in deir el medina. By its final stage approximately 70 houses stood within the village walls and 50 outside. Perhaps 600 people lived here by then. A wall surrounded the village approximately six meters high built of mud-brick. Gates were located at each end. The villages of Deir El Medina made up a special government department under the vizier of Upper Egypt, and were a select largely hereditary group of scribes, quarrymen, stonemasons, artisans, and labourers, who created the final resting place for their divine rulers. Most of the houses in Deir El Medina were built in a standard elongated design, 15 by 5 meters. They had rubble bases and mud brick structures, and shared walls like today’s terrace housing. Each of these houses would have the following features. Down several steps from the street was an entrance room, with niches for offerings, stelae and busts...

Parenting the Father

What are the qualities that show a good parent? To be a good parent you must be loving, considerate, and responsible, you have to pay attention to your child’s need. Unfortunately John Purcell from â€Å"The Father† by Hugh Garner shows none of these qualities. Mr. Purcell is neglective, shameless and proud. One trait that clearly shows John is an unsatisfactory father is that he is neglective. This trait describes Mr. Purcell very accurately. An example of how John is neglective is when he had a meeting with the principal at Johnny’s school, regarding his grades. John had agreed to keep Johnny back a grade just so the meeting would end sooner â€Å"When the teacher had suggested keeping the boy in the same grade for a second year, he had acquiesced willingly, wanting only to get away from the place. † page 43. Another example of Johns neglect is how he does not even know what position his own son played or which team he played for â€Å"He realized that he didn’t even know what position his own son played, or even the name of the team. † page 46. Lastly when Johnny was talking about his friends and their fathers, John had no clue who he was talking about because he pays no attention to his children what so ever, nor does he play a role in either of his children’s lives â€Å"He didn’t know on boy or girl who came to the house from another. † page 48. These are three of many examples that show Mr. Purcell is a neglective father. In addition to be neglective John Purcell is also shameless. In almost every event throughout Johnny’s life that involved both father and son, John would always bring shame upon Johnny and himself. In the story on page 1 it says â€Å"†¦ a strange shame and embarrassment coloured every event that brought them into contact. † A second example that shows how John is shameless is when he was talking to the curate and scout master about the entry fee for the Boy Scout Meeting â€Å"Three Dollars! Why I could’ve taken Jonny to a burlesque show for less than that. † He felt no shame at all after making the remark. The final example I have that shows Mr. Purcell is shameless is when he was outside the church drinking with a man he had just known for less than an hour or so. They had three good drinks apiece before Murdoch said, ‘Maybe we’d better go back inside. If we don’t get in there soon that kid of mine will tell his mother for sure. ’† This shows John felt no shame because even though he was with his son at a very important meeting, with the Johnny’s friends and their parents there, he was outside drinking paying no regard towards the circumstances. Also if it wasn’t for Charley Murdoch suggesting that they should go back inside, John would’ve just sat outside drinking the whole night. If you don’t call a man like that shameless then I wouldn’t know what you’d call him.

Main Currents of Spanish Thought

Among the deep thinkers that contributed to the changes that had taken place in Spain during the last decade of the 1800s was Jose Ortega Gasset (883-1955). He is one of the most important Spanish thinkers whose writings examined the manifestations of culture revealing the intimate depths of individual and social human condition. Ortega’s contribution was in the area of education, as he believes that â€Å"if one does not educate for the city, a person cannot be brought to plenitude, and that the school tends to operate on preterit principles, when it should educate from the present for the future† (Palmer, Bresler, & Cooper, p. 244) However, during the last decade of the 1800s in Spain, the Spanish society has been divided by a great debate that raged in 1890s up to early 1900s between the conservative traditional politicians who were asserting that Spain was a global power and had essential role to play in the world, and the so called liberal or perhaps the enlightened politicians who argued that the reality was that Spain during this time was a sinking ship. According to an internet article entitled Spain, the eternal Maja: Goya, Majismo, and the Reinvention of the Spanish National Identity, the debate served as a wakeup call for many Spanish intellectuals to come up with a win-win solution not only to the debate but also to the real condition of the Spanish nation, which was already two decades behind powerful countries such as France, Germany, and England. Among these intellectuals was Miguel de Unamuno who emphasized that it is only by opening windows to European winds, saturating themselves with European ambience, having confidence that they will not lose their identity in so doing would make them catch up with the advancement made such nations (Internet article). Along with other intellectuals such as Jose Martinez Ruiz also known as Azurin and Granados, they were able to revolutionize the Spanish intellectual society. Views of the Authors in their attempt to turn Spain into a Modern Nation The famous writers and authors during the Enlightenment period in Spain such as Giner de los Rios, Angel Ganivet and Joaquin Costa were known as â€Å"the generation of 1898.   Their contribution started upon realizing their country’s weakening condition due to defeats in wars against the United States of America and the lost of treasured colonies such as the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, and Cuba.   During their respective periods they tried to revolutionize the intellectual society as well as to redeem the prominence their country once enjoyed. Like Jose Ortega Gasset, Ginner Delos Rios also saw the importance of education to be able to transform itself and to cope up with fast industrializing European nations. Being highly educated, he was well versed in many branches of knowledge, Ginner Delos Rios’ viewed education as a very important instrument in regenerating the Spanish society; he believed that reforms were not established by laws but by teachers and professors. Delos Rios views held that teachers and educators were responsible in framing the new generations’ educational values and understanding. I believe that his views are timely and appropriate to the present condition of Spain. Ganivet was no doubt a great writer and essayist. His views was reflective of the true condition of Spain, where in he calls Spain’s past as an error, a departure from its true nature. Ganivet believed that Spain must wake up from its present slump and fulfill its true mission to give birth to a great nation and culture. No doubt Ganivet’s view was really interesting; however, his poor interpersonal relationship seemed to have put his ideas on the shelves at least during his own time. Joaquin Costa (1844—1911) on the other hand     descended from a politicians family and was one of generation 1898. Costa’s view of the condition of Spain however, was that the country needs national regeneration. Costa depicts unbelief to the leadership of those in governments in running the affair of the state. How did they see Spain, and how did each think Spain should be changed to become a modern country. Each of these authors viewed Spain during this period as weakening and being slowly left behind by other European countries. Both Delos Rios and Ortega emphasized on the need of education for every individual, while Ganivet saw Spain as lacking regeneration. Perhaps what he meant was that the present generations were failure. The hope of the new of the Nation lies in the new generation. What did these men give to the Spanish Society These men in the first place were able to give the society brilliant ideas on how the society can rise up from where it was at present. They provided a new avenue by which the government can start a new in bringing back the country in line with other advanced nations in Europe. The most particular was the ideas of Miguel de Unamuno to open the country’e windows to other European countries and be satisfy with fresh wind of information and knowledge coming from those countries.  Ã‚   They also provided important educational guidelines that would help keep up standards of learning for every individual. Berrio, J. R. Ftancisco delos Rios (1839-1915) http://www.ibe.unesco.org/publications/ThinkersPdf/giner Palmer, J., Bresler, L., & Cooper, D.E. (2001) Fifty Major Thinkers on Education: From Confucius to Dewey. UK: Routledge   

White

White Introduction This report focuses on two white-collar crimes (Tyco Scandal and Iran-Contra Affair). It describes these two crimes and provides analysis of consequences of crimes as well as theories and policies used to combat them.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on White-collar crimes: Tyco Scandal and Iran-Contra Affair specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A description of the history of the case, parties involved and socioeconomic status of the offenders Iran-Contra Affair This was a scandal of President Reagan administration. It started in 1985 and came to limelight in 1986. In this scandal, some of the key figures were Ronald Reagan, Oliver North, Robert McFarlane, John Poindexter, Contras, and Caspar Weinberger among other influential persons in Reagan administration. This case started as an effort to â€Å"free seven American hostages in Iran under the custody of the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolutionâ €  (Shenon and Engelberg, 1987). The US supplied weapons to Israel, and then Israel sent the same weapons to Iran. The Iranian receivers then facilitated the release of hostages. People referred to this scandal as arms-for-hostages scheme. In 1985, Oliver North devised various ways to ensure that parts of the proceeds went to Contras in Nicaragua (Shenon and Engelberg, 1987). Tyco Scandal In 2005, the Court charged Kozlowski and Marc Swart on various counts of fraud and larceny. Charges involved misappropriation of Tyco’s funds amounting to $170 million and unauthorized bonuses. The two also secretly forgave loans to themselves. They also faced charges of making more than $430 million through lying and conspiring about the financial condition of the company and increasing the value of their stock. The CEO also faced charges of looting $150 million from Tyco (Siegel, 2011). A description and definition of the crime(s) committed and the monies or resources that were defraude d Tyco Scandal The Court convicted these two figures with various counts such as unauthorized bonuses ($81 million), art purchase ($14.725 million), and payment of investment bank fees to Frank Welsh ($20 million). Shareholders lost over $90 billion in this scandal. The company engaged in questionable accounting practices in order to favor Kozlowski. The CEO used Tyco’s resources to fund his lavish lifestyle. Iran-Contra Affair Though details of this scandal remained scanty because Oliver North and his associates destroyed some records, some reports revealed that Iran received $30 million to transfer to Contras.Advertising Looking for report on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reagan supported Contras. However, there were disputes whether Reagan allowed diversion of monies from arms sales to fund Contras. Human Rights Watch indicated that Contras engaged in a systematic abuse of human rights. The Boland Amendment made funding to Contra illegal. Consequently, Reagan administration engaged in secret deals with Iran and secretly trained and armed Contras. Definitions of the law(s) violated Tyco Scandal This scandal involved embezzlement of resources and monies from a public company. The company also engaged in questionable accounting practices. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filed a lawsuit based on the failure the company to disclose forgiven loans of the CEO. The Court charged the CEO and CFO with 22 counts of fraud. The Court also charged Kozlowski with a tax evasion of over $1 million arising from art purchases. Iran-Contra Affair This scandal violated the Boland Amendment, which had made support to Contras illegal. Some of the charges included obstructing justice, conspiracy, deceiving the Congress, destroying, and changing evidence relevant to the investigation. Penalties imposed upon the guilty parties in these crimes Iran-Contra Affair There were several i nvestigations by the US Congress and the Tower Commission. None of these investigations found any evidence to link Reagan with the Iran-Contra Affair. There were 14 indictments of administration officials. There were also 11 convictions. However, the Court dismissed some of these convictions on appeals. Finally, George Bush pardoned all indicted or convicted officials before leaving office. Bush was the Vice President during the Affair. Therefore, there was no imprisonment because of the scandal. This is not a typical way of handling frauds. In other words, there was no justice served in this case.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on White-collar crimes: Tyco Scandal and Iran-Contra Affair specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tyco Scandal The CEO and CFO faced 22 counts of fraud and received sentences of up to 25 years as well as fines and compensation orders that totaled to $240 million. Their charges also included securi ties fraud, falsifying business records, larceny, and conspiracy. However, punishments of such cases depend on their severity and intent of the offender. Policies in place to combat this type of crime Tyco Scandal Key policies to combat corporate scandals are in corporate governance principles of the company. However, it was clear that the CEO, who also served as the chairperson of the board, had power over directors of the board. Based increasing cases of financial scandals in large organizations, it is imperative for organizations to bring into line their corporate governance principles with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and Dodd-Frank Act of 2010. These Acts protect shareholders against uncontrolled excesses and embezzlement of funds by CEOs and other senior executives. The Acts strive to create independent boards, which are not prone to external interference. There are also SEC requirements and NASDAQ provisions as policies to combat corporate fraud. Iran-Contra Affair The US h as a policy of no concession and negotiation with terrorists. By agreeing to trade arms in order to secure freedom of the hostages, the US went against this principle. The Boland Amendment made such assistance to Contras illegal. However, senior people in the administration of Reagan violated this amendment through secret deals. The financial impact resulting from the crime Tyco Scandal According to Neumann, Tyco had â€Å"$28 billion in debt, and its shareholders had lost over $90 billion, more than 80 percent of Tyco’s peak market value by 2002† (Neumann, 2011).Advertising Looking for report on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Iran Contra Affair The details of this scandal remained scanty even during the inquiry. However, Howard Zinn referred to some $30 million as the amount of money Iran received to send to Contras (Zinn, 2003). An analysis on the punishment of white-collar criminals Iran-Contra Affair In this case, indictments and convictions did not serve their purposes. This is because the Court dropped most cases on subsequent appeals. Still, George Bush pardoned all convicts during his last term in office. Tyco Scandal This is a benchmark punishment for senior executives involved in embezzlement of companies’ resources and funds. The two convicts got up to 25 years with fines and compensation orders amounting to $240 million. The difference between white-collar crime and other traditional types of crimes Unlike traditional crimes, white-collar crimes are complex and involve the use of legitimate enterprises in order to gain illegal profits or provide criminal activities. Some of these activi ties are so complex that they take several years to solve even after their discoveries. Siegel notes that white-collar crimes result from rationalization of offenders. They can engage in criminal activities without compromising their values and meet their personal financial problems. Another theory is the corporate culture view, which argues that enterprises exert excessive demands on employees and tolerate deviance of employees as new employees learn techniques of committing crimes. Finally, self-control view posits that such criminals have low self-control and do not consider long-term consequences of their activities (Siegel, 2011). Impacts of the research on the importance of ethical and professional behavior in the workplace This research demonstrates that white-collar crimes do not pay. On the other hand, maintaining professional behavior grows the business for its stakeholders and sets high standards in the organization. It also shows that people engaging in white-collar crim es destroy their careers and organizations. References Neumann, C. (2011). Tyco International scandal: History of Business in the U.S. Web. Shenon, P. and Engelberg, S. (1987). Eight Important Days in November: Unraveling the Iran-Contra Affair. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/05/world/eight-important-days-in-november-unraveling-the-iran-contra-affair.html Siegel, L. J. (2011). Criminology: The Core (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning. Zinn, H. (2003). A Peoples History of the United States. New York: Perennial.

Exercise in Revising Descriptive Sentences

Exercise in Revising Descriptive Sentences This revision exercise will give you practice in writing with specific descriptive details. Instructions Heres the opening sentence from a students report on what she saw one afternoon on a city street: One brisk afternoon in late September, I took a walk down Prospect Street. What follows are six sentences from the students first draft. Revise each of these sentences according to the suggestions. If you think one of your new sentences is too long, break it up into two or three shorter sentences. Of course, theres no single set of correct answers to this exercise. Rely on your imagination to create details that are precise and vivid. Prospect Street Music thudded out of the shop and mingled with some of the other noises of the city. Identify the kind of music that thudded out of the shop, name the shop, and give specific examples of the other noises of the city. Garbage danced along the sidewalk and lay crushed against the curb. For the word garbage, substitute specific examples of litter. A woman reading a book was sitting there. Briefly describe the woman, identify the book she was reading, and specify where she was sitting. Steam blew out of the air vents of a restaurant, carrying with it various smells. Name the restaurant, and identify some of the smells coming out of it. An old man was talking to Annie, even though he was walking by himself. Describe the old man in more detail. A red-faced man was pleading with a traffic cop as the cop was doing something. What was the cop doing? The answers to this exercise are limited only by your imagination. Example Rewritten Descriptive Sentences Electro-pop  thudded out of Shikis Fashions and mingled with the noise of growling engines, pneumatic drills, and people gossiping, arguing, and bargaining on the busy street.Garbage danced along the sidewalk and lay crushed against the curb: cellophane chip bags, crumpled cigarette packs, wine bottles, empty soda cans, and yellow foam boxes from a burger joint.A shrunken woman, with ragged hair bobby-pinned to her skull, was sitting on the curb, moving her lips as she read a romance novel.Steam blew out of the air vents at Dwights Diner, carrying with it smells of coffee, chili, and chicken noodle soup.An old man with a scraggly beard was arguing loudly with a woman he called Annie, even though he was walking by himself.A red-faced man was pleading with a traffic cop, who was calmly filling out a jaywalking ticket.

Depression Article Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Depression Review - Article Example A person can also sleep more or less when in the state of depression or experience a change in appetite. The other major symptoms are feeling like committing suicide or sometimes feeling worthless to oneself and the society. The authors provide a list of the types of depression providing individuals with the relevant information regarding depression and its severity. The major types of depression are Bipolar disorder or the manic-depressive disorder, which is an occurrence of major depression and elevated moods in individuals (Torpy, Janet, Alison & Richard n.p). Dysthymia is another type of depression with symptoms, which can last for not less than two years. The other types are postpartum, and seasonal affective disorder with the first occurring in a mothers or fathers after childbirth and the second occurring during periods of low sunlight. Relatives of depressed persons should understand the various types to enable them handle their patients effectively and avoid complications. The authors of the article are very keen to provide various ways of handling and treating depression in individuals and helping them to live normal lives. There are various treatments for depression depending on the type and cause such as medication. A depressed person can take antidepressants medicines although their results might take long before they work on a person. Physiotherapy can also reduce depression such as changing one’s thoughts, attitudes, and relationship that might be causing depression (Torpy, Janet, Alison & Richard n.p). One should always think positively and avoid being alone by engaging in conversations and sharing with trustworthy friends. For seasonal depression, exposure to sunlight on a daily basis can help solve the problem and go on with life. There are also series of treatments by use of electric current that is passed through the brain especially for those under severe depression. According to the authors, depression

Deep Vein Thrombosis PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Deep Vein Thrombosis - PowerPoint Presentation Example Immediate concerns with a diagnosis of DVT are stroke and pulmonary embolism, as the clot in his leg could break off and cause either of these potentially fatal situations. Mr. Roberts denies any chest pain, shortness of breath, fever, or headaches, indicating he is not currently at risk for these concerns. DVT Cause It is important to understand the cause of Mr. Roberts’s DVT to prevent future clots and to increase positive outcomes of his treatment. One of the biggest causes of DVT is surgery. Often times, surgeons can damage venous walls or intercellular matrix, releasing clotting factors and causing DVTs (sloc.org). Mr. Roberts has not had any recent surgery indicating that this is probably not the cause of his DVT. DVT can also be caused by obesity and a sedentary lifestyle (sloc.org). Mr. Roberts’s BMI indicates that this is probably the cause of his DVT. In order to prevent future DVTs, Mr. Roberts should be counseled about increasing daily physical activity, mak ing modifications to his diet, and the use of his hypercholesterolemia medication. Another potential cause of Mr. Roberts’s DVT is his hypercholesterolemia. Increased lipids in the blood can form clots, which can lodge in the deep veins of the extremities and cause a DVT in some cases (sloc.org). Mr. Roberts’s DVT is probably exacerbated by his discontinuation of his hypercholesterolemia medication, as this behavior would increase his lipids and potentially add to previous clots or form new ones. In addition to his treatment regimen, Mr. Roberts should be counseled on the dangers of quitting his hypercholesterolemia medication without consulting medical personnel. Treatment Regimen There are two parts to Mr. Roberts’s treatment regimen: initial treatment and maintained treatment. The purpose of the initial treatment should be controlling Mr. Robert’s partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and his INR while attempting to dissolve the clot in his leg. To achieve this, heparin is given initially in a bolus dose at 80 units/kg. After this initial bolus dose, Mr. Roberts will be on a maintenance dose of heparin at 16 units/kg. For Mr. Roberts, this means a 7000 unit bolus dose and a maintenance dose of 1640 units/hour which will continue for ten days. These doses were developed based on formulas posted on the accompanying powerpoint presentation, and were based off of calculated dosage weight (surgery.ucsf.edu). During these ten days, Mr. Roberts’s PTT needs to be monitored every 6 hours until 2 consecutive in-range tests are performed. Adjustments to the dosage can be made based on the provided chart. Once in range, PTTs need to be done every 24 hours. After ten days, Mr. Roberts should be evaluated and hopefully can discontinue his heparin regimen. The maintained treatment portion of Mr. Roberts’s treatment regimen is warfarin. When beginning warfarin, an initial INR needs to be taken in order to calculate an accurate dose. Ba sed on Mr. Roberts age, BMI, and use of hypercholesterolemia medications, 3mg was decided as an appropriate starting dose. Mr. Roberts’s INR should be measured daily and I have recommended an at home testing device. Mr. Roberts dose will need to be adjusted to make sure his INR falls in the target range of 2-3. Mr. Roberts will continue the warfarin daily until he can successfully maintain an INR of 2-3 without it. This should take between three and six months, but could potentially take longer

Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Company Law - Essay Example The rights, duties and powers are conferred to the company and its members who become part and parcel of the Articles of Association2. The articles of association of a company are a binding force for the existing members and future members who wish to join in the days ahead. Moreover, the heirs of members, successors and the legal agents are to comply with the provisions of article. The article of association binds the company and its members as they sign the required documents. In other words, it is a kind of contract that exists between the company and its members. As per the terms of article, the association members can enjoy certain rights and duties towards company; where against the company has certain obligations towards its members. Similarly, the company expects its members to fulfill their duties and obligations that are required for smooth functioning of a company3. The constitution of a company relies on articles of association. The Articles identify a set of procedures t o conduct business, preparation of accounts, hold meetings and directors’ appointment. ... Company Act 2006 Under the Companies Act 2006, different sorts of companies can be formed. It provides guidance with regard to the formation of a Limited / Unlimited company, the shareholders, the directors and the employees. Incorporation of Unlimited Company makes the company liable for all losses and debts under the civil law. If a company is formed limited by guarantee, the guarantor’s liability will be limited to the extent of guarantee7. Insolvency Act 1986 It addresses the  insolvency of firms and individuals in line with the bankruptcy law of the United Kingdom. There are two kinds of bankruptcy law, which comprised cash flow insolvency and balance sheet insolvency. The definition of insolvency under the  Insolvency Act 1986 is that if an individual or the company is unable to pay off the debts on due dates, in order to save the company from becoming insolvent, the company will satisfy the court provided that the value of its assets is more than the amount of its d ebts8. In terms of cash flow insolvency, let us look at the case law Re Chine Finance plc9 where the court examined the financial status of cited company to determine its present and future capabilities to pay off debts when they were due. Hence, the creditors would be in a position to call earlier insolvency of the company10. Brief History The case in point is about Paul, who in the year 2010 established sizzling business of supplying delicious food to individuals and companies. In the subsequent year, Paul formed a company namely Murdock Kitchens Ltd and became its sole director by issuing ordinary shares of pound sterling 40,000. During the course of business, he entered into an agreement with Yorkshire Water to supply food for lunches. Later on, Paul got seriously injured

Dust Explosion Is One Of The Major Hazards Engineering Essay

Dust Explosion Is One Of The Major Hazards Engineering Essay Dust explosion must be controlled but means of necessary vent area design, Vessel strength, also following proper operational procedures and maintaining good housekeeping. Here a new bag filling plant and silo for plastic manufacturer is designed. So, as a safety advisor the vent sizing for a silo is presented to vent a dust explosion. Information required for the calculation of the vent sizing are strength of the vessel i.e. silo, explosion properties of the dust, size and shape of the vessel, the static activation pressure that is to open the venting in case of any pressure rise, condition of the dust cloud. If the dust is found to be toxic then venting should not be done if theres immediate harm to the environment. But in some unavoidable circumstances then the venting is done with an endangered area shall be specified. For that safe discharge area must be calculated to vent the dust to the atmosphere. And location of venting is chosen on the top of the silo i.e. vertical venting. This assumption made on the condition that the silo is sited in a congested area. Horizontal venting will cause harm the personnel working in the plant area. Plant Sketch Silo Air to bag filter Pneumatic Conveyor Cyclone Powder Inlet from plant Air Blower Vibrating outlets to bag filling stations Data given, Silo is of cylindrical shape. Diameter = 10m Height = 30m Vent duct length = 15 m Silo Design pressure = 0.25 barg Material stored in silo is plastic power and also includes Methylene dianiline (MDA). Here the dust is tested in and 20 litre sphere apparatus to find the maximum rate of pressure rise per unit time. The main apparatus is Sphere explosion vessel, dust dispersion system, ignition source, Pressure monitoring system and control system. This test done as per BS EN 14034-2:2006. And it is found that (dp/dt) max = 928 bar.s-1 Where (dp/dt) max Maximum rate of pressure (p) rise per unit time (t) The objectives of this design are i. To vent the deflagrating that occurs inside the vessel ii. To avoid the injury to personnel by vent discharge iii. To limit the damage of the vessel iv. To limit the damage of the nearby structures The following steps are identified for venting sizing with reference to i. Dust deflagration index Kst must be found, Kst = (dp/dt)max * V 1/3 Where (dp/dt) max Maximum rate of pressure (p) rise per unit time (t) =928 bar/s And volume of the test apparatus is 0.02m3 Kst = 928 * (0.02)1/3 bar.m.s-1 Kst = 252 bar.m.s-1 ii. Now maximum explosion overpressure occurs during dust explosion in an enclosed vessel (non-vented vessel) Pmax which is to determine the explosive characteristics of the dust. Procedure for measuring Pmax is done in 5litre apparatus and the apparatus is designed to withstand an internal overpressure of 20 bar. First required amount of dust is taken for the test. Then the dust is dispersed in the vessel at atmospheric pressure and before that the initial temperature is noted down. Then initial pressure Pi i.e. just a moment before ignition is noted. And the pressure rise recorded as a function of time. And from pressure time curve Pex is determined for the particular dust concentration. And the test is done for various dust concentration and the Pex results are plotted with various dust concentration until the maximum value of Pex is found. And that maximum value is the maximum overpressure Pmax. This Pmax and Kst plays crucial factor in determining the vent size and design for explosion protection. Here dust mixture composition is not known, so the vent size is based on highest Kst and Pmax value. The result of Pmax for various dust classes is referred from BS EN 14034-2:2006, the table is shown below Kst (bar.m.s-1) Dust explosion class Pmax (bar) 0 St 1 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 9 200 St 2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 10 Kst > 300 St 3 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 12 Table 1a: Where, St 1- moderate explosible St 2 strong explosible St 3 very strongly explosible Hence from the table above Pmax is taken as 10 bar for Kst = 252 bar.m.s-1 and the dust is classified as St 2. iii. Now the vessel design pressure selection must be measured, if the enclosure vessel is designed as ASTM then Pmawp (Maximum allowable work pressure) can be calculated. Here it is given that design pressure is 0.25barg. Venting provided should be sufficient to reduce the enclosure vessel rapture due to reduced maximum overpressure, Pred,max Here Pred,max shall be chose shall not exceed two-third of the vessel strength. Venting shall be provided such that Pred,max shall not exceed the vessel strength to prevent the rapture of vessel during venting. Pred,max à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ (Pes/ DLF) Where, DLF dynamic Load factor as a result of pressure rise. In absence of detailed structural analysis, it is assumed that DLF = 1.5 the design based on weakest structural element. i.e. Pred,max à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ (2/3)(Pes) Where Pes enclosure strength in bar Hence, Pred,max = 0.166 bar iv. Vessel Height to diameter ratio, the ratio of height to diameter of the vessel must be included in determining the vent area. Increase in ratio of height to diameter increases the flame propagation inside the vessel. Hence the estimation of the ratio is given below, Veff = à Ã¢â€š ¬ r2 h Where Veff is the volume of the cylindrical vessel were flame can travel along the path. h Height of the cylinder r radius of the cylinder Veff = 3.14 * 5* 5* 30 = 2355m3 Aeff = Veff / H Where Aeff is the effective area of the cylindrical vessel Aeff = 2355 / 30 =78.5 m2 Deff = ((4*Aeff)/à Ã¢â€š ¬)1/2 Where Deff is the effective diameter of the cylindrical vessel Deff=((4*78.5)/3.14)1/2 = 10m H/D = 30/10 = 3m v. Venting cover operation, the following factors to considered for the venting cover operation such as venting opening shall be free and clear, should be obstructed by weather conditions and any dust deposits. The vent cover shall open at its static activation over pressure Pstat. And vent cover should withstand the pressure within the static activation overpressure Pstat.. Here venting cover with specific mass And Hence Pstat = 0.2 bar. Sizing of vent area, here the specific situation must be considered for the venting sizing. Here the material is transferred by pneumatic conveyor. And this is classified as Inhomogeneous dust distribution as per New findings on explosion venting by R.Siwek. For vessel length L> 10m A = 0.0011 * Kst* H *Df * [(1/Dz) (8.6 log Pred,max 6) 5.5* log Pred,max + 3.7] ( 1 +1.715 * Pred,max -1.27 * log (H/D)) Where, Df diameter of the pipeline, here its assumed as 0.1m for effective dust reduction A Vent area m2 Dz effective diameter of the cylindrical vessel Dz =( (4*v)/à Ã¢â€š ¬ ) 1/3 = (( 4*2355)/3.14)1/3 = 14 A = 0.0011 * 252 * 30 * 0.1 * [(1/14) (8.6 log 0.166 6 ) 5.5 log 0.166 + 3.7] (1 + 1.715 * 0.3 -1.27 * log 3) A = 30 m2 Effect of vent ducting, duct is normally to vent the discharge to a safe area away from the work area. But increase in duct length will increase reduced maximum explosion pressure. P red,max = -0.03267 * l*(H/D) + 0.3481 * l0.798 Where, l length of the duct (m) P red,max maximum reduced explosion pressure with vent duct P red,max = -0.03267 * 15 * (30/10) + 0.3481 * 150.798 P red,max = 1.5 bar P red,max = 0.2 *(C1 C2) * (1-(H/D)) + C1 Where C1 = P red,max * (1 + 17.3 *(A*V-0.753)1.6 * l) = 1.027 C2 = (0.0586 * l) + 1.023] * P red,max0.981 (0.01907 *l) = 0.5 P red,max = 0.8 bar And from the above equation relationship between the reduced maximum explosion pressure with vent duct and duct length can be found and also necessary increase in cylindrical vessel strength can also be estimated. Since the facility is still being designed and from the above result of with effect of vent duct it is evident that reduced maximum explosion pressure increases above the vessel design pressure. So the increase in design pressure and the vessel strength must be re-considered if vent duct is used to deflagrate the flame. Safe discharge, Maximum flame length for dust, X = Q*V1/3 Where Q 8 for vertical discharge X = 8 * (2355)1/3 X = 106.4 m Maximum flame width, W = 1.3 * (10*v)1/3 = 37m Maximum external pressure (dust) P = 0.2 * Pred,max * A0.1 * V0.18 = 0.188 bar Where P maximum external pressure A Vent area V Volume of the cylindrical vessel. 2. This bag filling facility handles plastics powder which generates dust must be examined for the explosive characteristics. For that we need to analyse the chemical compositions in it. The explosive dust decomposes generating large enormous energy. This decomposition includes oxygen in the molecule so it is not necessary that it needs air. So it is important to screen the chemical composition first, if the test indicates the presence of explosive characteristics then necessary dust explosion prevention and protection techniques must be implemented as a basis of safety. In order to prevent the dust explosion following techniques are used i. Controlling the source of ignition ii. Inerting For explosion protecting the following techniques are used i. Explosion containment ii. Explosion suppression iii. Venting DUST EXPLSION PROTECTION PREVENTION Control of ignition containment Source Suppression Inerting Venting Now the details of each technique are explained in detail below Controlling the source of ignition, dust explosion cannot occur unless theres a source of ignition. And hence a careful analysis must be done in design, operation and maintenance for the possible sources of ignition. Here are some of possible sources of ignition a. hot surface b. spark c. electrostatic spark d. heat e. friction f. flames Flames are one of the sources which can easily ignite the dust. Direct heating i.e. using of burners can be avoided in process where dust generation is possible. Welding works carried on the silo which has possible dust generation inside the vessel. So all hot works carried on silo must be allowed as per the statutory requirements. Any Internal combustion engines near the silo might take in the dust generated nearby and can cause explosion. And hence this combustion engine can be avoided or use of flameproof combustion engines. Electric power is also one of the sources of ignition. Electric spark which are produced from electrical equipment, if comes in contact with dust will result in explosion. Hence all the electrical equipment must be intrinsically safe and also ATEX 137 EU directive 95/9/EC certified equipment should be used depending upon the dust and zone classification. So this must be done during procurement stage. Once ATEX is implemented then zone classification must be done as a part of ATEX requirement by analysing the possible generation dust from the process i.e. Zone 20 dust generation is often, zone 21 dust generation likely to occur or Zone 22 dust generation not likely to occur. Dust depositing on hot surface will cause explosion depending on the temperature and geometry of the surface. In most of the cases this can be avoided by good housekeeping. And also Ignition occurs only when the surface temperature reaches the minimum ignition temperature of the dust. Static electricity is also one of the major hazards in process and chemical industries. When a charged particle comes in contact with the opposite or dissimilar object there will be transfer of charge and will results in spark. Since the powder have charged particle, when it comes in contact with dissimilar particle in transferring or free falling there will be transfer of charge which will generate spark. And the spark generated can cause ignition of the dust. Hence all the metal containers must be earthed so that the charge generated will leak away to the earth. And use non conducting materials are recommended in construction. Below diagram show difference between earthed and non-earthed conductor Figure 2a: Hazards in non-earthed conductor Friction is also one of the ways that dust cloud can be ignited. That is when hot particles come in contact with mechanical equipment by rubbing or impacting against the equipment can ignite the dust cloud. This friction ignition depends upon the maximum velocity of the hot particle impacting against the hot surface. And hence use of such mechanical equipment should be avoided. And the other possible chances of ignition of dust clouds can be through spontaneous combustion. So this type of burning occurs due to self-heating as a result of internal exothermic reaction which is followed by thermal runaway. If this heat release is unable escape will result in ignition. And also sufficient oxygen and dust concentration must be present for the thermal runaway ignition. Hence the safe way is to displace the oxygen is by inerting. Inerting is a process by sending inert substances to remove or prevent the explosive atmosphere formation. The main objective is to eliminate or to reduce the oxygen level below the lower flammability limit in order to avoid the catastrophic dust explosion, in some case combustion can also occur in very low oxygen level so in that case is safe to replace all the air with inert gases. Even sometimes explosive dust generated inside the vessel can be diluted into non explosive dust by passing certain inert dust e.g. limestone. When inerting theres chance of inert gases gets trapped inside the vessel, where personnels are accessible for confined space works, this will result in asphyxiation. Hence proper statutory rules must be followed in entry of confined space. Care should be taken when inert gases are sent into the distribution line. That is before passing the inert gases the impurities such as hazardous substance moisture etc. should be removed from the inert gases by means of filter. And flow of the inert gases must be maintained by the pressure monitoring and controlled. Flow chart for inerting process is shown below Inerting Use of inert dust as an inert medium Suitable inert gas available e.g.) N2, co2 etc Performing oxygen limiting measurement at process temperature and pressure Design dust inert system Ensure the reliability of the monitoring system Inert gas cost when compared to other safety technique, are the cost found satisfactory Consider basis of safety for design and operation And some the other available prevention techniques include installation of pressure sensor, alarm system in-case of overpressure, Automatic shutdown system in-cases of overpressure, Level indicator, correct operational procedures and Proper maintenance and inspection procedures. Explosion containment is used to withstand the explosion pressure rise and to prevent the rupture of the containment. The explosion containment usage is accepted when the release of the process materials is not acceptable. First maximum explosion pressure Pmax must be determined, since it is the crucial factor in explosion containment. Hence pressure resistant vessels are designed to withstand the maximum explosion pressure without any deformation or rupturing the vessel. And hence the stress induced by the maximum explosion overpressure should not exceed 50% of the yield strength of the weakest part. Explosion pressure shock resistant vessel is also designed to handle the maximum explosion pressure but deformation occurs to some extent. And the stress induced by the maximum explosion overpressure should not exceed 90% of the yield strength of the weakest part. Logical flow chart for explosion containment is shown below Explosion Containment Multi-volume Single volume Can explosion be contained by knowing Pmax and plant design? Are the multiple volume is mechanically isolated Is Rapture of vessel acceptable? Use pressure shock resistant vessel Use pressure resistant vessel Consider basis of safety for design and operation Cost valid when compared to other safety techniques Suppression is a technique which identifies the starting point of explosion and extinguishes the growing fire. Normally suppressor is used whenever it is difficult to discharge the pressure and flame in a safe area. Normally it takes 40 90ms for an explosion to occur when the dust gets ignited. So now the explosion detector detects the pressure rise in the vessel and it is designed to set the alarm when it reaches the reference pressure rise and activates the suppressor so that it suppresses/extinguishes the growing fire ball inside the vessel. Suppressor can also be used in parallel with venting where sufficient venting area is not achieved. And also it is to noted that explosion detector should withstand to the vibration, shock and resistant against corrosion. Below figure shown is the normal working of suppressor in the vessel. Normally suppression can be used for a vessel volume up-to 1000m3. For vessel larger than 1000m3 explosion suppression can be used and the explosion suppressor must be within the vessel volume boundary. Fig 2b: Suppressor working If a vessel is without suppressor and dust explosion occurs in a enclosed vessel then the pressure rise grow and attains destructible level which is shown below in graph (line A). If a suppressor is installed and suppressor extinguished before the explosion then the maximum pressure rise will be reduced Pred within the maximum vessel design pressure, shown below in graph (line B). In order to achieve the above it also depends upon the suppressor location, suppressor discharge rate and also number of suppressor placed in the vessel. Graph 2a: Pressure rise with suppressor and without suppressor There are many types of suppressors available such as hemispherical suppressor, High rate discharge suppressor are used. Normally high rate discharge are most widely used because for their high discharge rate to suppress the fire. In hemispherical suppressor usually liquids i.e. water is used as suppressant and can store upto 5 litres. And the initial velocity of hemispherical suppressor is 200m.s-1 and the discharge time is 10 30 ms. For high rate discharge suppressor the suppressant used can be liquid or dry powder. It can suppressant discharge time is within 10 millisecond and suppressant stored upto 40kg. And the suppressant materials used in order to supress the fire must quench the combustion. And some of the commonly used suppressants are dry powder i.e. dry chemical and water. Flameless venting is done to vent the explosions without any risk of external flame. Flameless venting device consists of flame arrestor which quenches the flame that propagates outside from the vessel. The main principle is that the arrestor reduces the fuel from flame below the ignition temperature by energy dissipation in the flame arrestor. 3. Here in this bag filling facility, use of hazardous substance involved. Hence this operation must abide to control of substance hazardous to health Regulation 2002 (As Amended) (COSHH) to control the hazards to the human health. Here in this bag filling facility there is use of plastic powder which get filled and packed. In this plastic power has an additive known as Methylene dianiline. This plastic powder is a thermoplastic intended for use in injection of moulding machine. This methylene dianiline is a carcinogen which causes cancer when it is inhaled by the people engaged in bag filling operation. So it is necessary to conduct control of substance hazardous to health risk assessment. And to evaluate the allowable exposure limits and the necessary measure to be taken while handing the hazardous materials. Main steps to be followed to prevent the health hazards and to comply with COSHH are as follows i. Determine the risk ii. Control measure implementation iii. Control the exposure iv. Continual improvement and practice of the control measure implemented v. Monitoring the exposure level with the control measures vi. Providing health monitoring check up vii. Prepare Emergency plan and conduct emergency mock drill viii. Providing training and necessary information to the employees Substances or chemicals that are hazardous to personnel health will come under COSHH. Here methylene dianiline is used which is identified as a potential carcinogen and hence the operation should comply with COSHH to control the health hazards and improve the operation. Determine the hazard The first step is to identify the hazard whether the substance used in the process causes health hazard to employee engaged in work. Here it is identified that Methylene Dianiline is a potential carcinogen. So operators engaged for bag filling, sealing and engaged in cleaning activities are at risk if exposed. So first we need to find the possible exposure points. From analysing the operation involved in bag filling facility. The possible release/exposure points are identified below, i. filling arms in bag filling station building it vibrates to prevent clogging ii. Opening the valve fast will cause sudden release of pressure. iii. Bag sealing possible dust generation since the bag is left opened iv. Cleaning the spilled dust near filling area v. Pneumatic conveyor possible leak point will cause dust discharge Here it is identified that possibility of the substance route to affect operator health is through inhalation when released in air. And hazards of methylene dianiline and its chemical properties are taken from CHIP classification, Now CHIP regulation gradually replaced by European CLP. And the hazard classification is taken from European regulation EC No 1271/2008 on Classification labelling and Packing (CLP) from Table 3.2 part3 of Annexure I to directive 67/548/EEC Index No International Chemical Identification Ec No CAS no Classification Labelling Concentration Limit 612-051-00-1 4,4Methylenedianiline 202-974-4 101-77-9 Crac Cat 2;R 45 Mutta.Cat,3; R 68 T; R39/23/24/25 Xn; R48/20/21/22 R43 N; R51-53 T;N R:45-39/23/24/25-43-48/20/21/22-68-51/53 S:53-45-61 Table 3a Classification is taken from European regulation EC No 1271/2008 on Classification labelling and Packing (CLP) from Table 3.1 part3 of Annexure VI to directive 67/548/EEC Index No International Chemical Identification EC No CAS no Classification Labelling Hazardous Class and Category codes Hazardous Statement Codes Pictogram signal word code Hazardous Statement Codes Suppl. Hazardous Statement Codes 612-051-00-1 4,4Methylenedianiline 202-974-4 101-77-9 Carc 1B Muta 2 STOT SE 1 STOT RE 2 Skin sens 1 Aquatic Chronic 2 H350 H341 H370 ** H373 ** H317 H411 GHS08 GHS07 GHS09 Dgr H350 H341 H370 ** H373 ** H317 H411 Table 3b: Where R Risk phase and H Hazard , Classification of levels of danger i.e. harmful, toxic, very toxic as per CHIP regulation. Here MDA is classified as potential carcinogen R 45 Cancer causing substance. Deciding proper safe guarding measure Since here the plant is in designing stage so the possible release/exposure points, population exposed to the hazardous substance and route of entry are identified and necessary control measure are indentified below to implement from the designing stage. So COSHH essential uses out of the risk assessment information it chooses one of the methods for control measure shown below, Figure 3a: The factors used in identifying appropriate controls measure are in below figure, Figure 3b: So the following steps are followed in identifying adequate control measure as mentioned in COSHH essentials: Easy steps to control chemicals i. Group the hazards identified ii. Grouping the physical properties of the amount used iii. Asses the anticipated exposure iv. Now combine step 1 to 3 to form a generic assessment Grouping the hazard, hazards are classified between A to E by R-Phase given in CHIP and H-Phase given in CLP. Below the table shows the classification of hazard group. In the below table units, mg/m3 milligrams per cubic meter and ppm parts per million. From below table methylene dialine classified under group E dust. Table 3c: Now to determine the predictive exposure we must first classify the hazardous substance physical properties. Here in bag filling operation, hazardous substance is in dust form, since the plastic powders are granule will generate dust. So as per COSHH essential they have presented a table for identifying the determinants of the hazardous substance. That is the factor for deciding the physical properties for solid are dustiness and for the liquid is the volatility. And based upon the below shown table here methylene dianiline is identified as fine solid and light power and the corresponding determinant is identified as high. Table 3d: And after identifying the determinant and amount used as per COSHH essential has identified four band of exposure potential and the table is shown below, Table 3e: Here in bag filling and packing operation the main product is plastic powder which contains methylene dianiline as an additive. So the quantities used which assumed to be in tonnes, the main aim of this plant is packing plastic powder. And the exposure predictor band here it is identified as EP 4. sNow to decide which the control approach is adequate enough to control the situation of health hazard has to be identified from the range given which is used in COSHH essential. And table is shown below Table 3f: And based upon the above control approval table and exposure predictor table COSHH essential formed a table relating exposure predictor to control approach. And the table is shown below. Table 3g: In-order to choose the type of control measure recommended we have to relate the target airborne exposure to the exposure predictor band .Hence for this bag filling facility type-4 control is recommended because the concentration level of the dust is unknown. Sample COSHH Risk assessment Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 What are the hazard What will harm and who? What are you doing Improvements needed Who When Check Breathing in dust from filling station Since the dust contains MDA might cause cancer and irritates the respiratory system Dust mask Get cab and filtered air supply Conveyor to silo, to filling station Nobody Dust Extraction Check for leaks weekly Bagging plastic powder Charge handed Storage and dispatch Forklift driver Dust mask Get cab and filtered air supply Cleaning the plastic powder dust spill Charge hand Brushing Vacuum hose to dust extraction Changing dust filter Charge hand Use of P3 respirator Contract out this work Also: Action Taken Action needed Examination Test COSHH Supervision Instruction and training Emergency Plan Health Surveillance Monitoring Review Date Recommendations Here to reduce the possible exposures to hazardous substance below are the following recommendations, i. Minimizing the generation of plastic dust such as designing conveying system in such a way to reduce the impact with hard surface to reduce the dust generation i.e. use of long sweep elbows. ii. Minimising the release of plastic dust such as keep silo in good conditions i.e. avoid crack, proper maintenance etc., maintain the transfer equipment in good seal condition to avoid leaks. iii. Plastic dust can be captured and contained. iv. Create awareness among the employee about the hazards associated in handling hazardous substance and use of MSDS. v. Regular health surveillance must be conducted to employee exposed to risk. vi. Use of proper respiratory PPEs while handling with plastic powder. As per COSHH essential it is identified suitable PPEs for the selected group hazard. Table is shown below and it is identified as Assigned protection factor 200. This APF is in reference with BS 4275 Table 3h 4. Project Description The new bag filling line and silo is being constructed for a plastic manufacturer which is located in congested area which means the silo is located in between the nearby structures and objects but the whole plant is located in plain and partly terrain area. This facility involves transfer of plastic powder from the plant to silo for storage so that it can used to store plastic powder prior to the bagging and distribution. Here in the silo there is possible release of dust into the atmosphere due to overpressure or overfilling. Since the dust generated inside the silo is vented to atmosphere so it must meet to the current environment legislation in order to avoid air pollution. From Silo the plastic powder is sent to bag filling station. The bag filling station comprises a building in which there are four bag filling stations. Hence an environmental impact aspect must be undertaken before the commencement stage . Plant Sketch Silo Air to bag f